Bryophytes are homosporous and monoecious but why few are dioecious? To get this answer first we need to know what is the homosporous condition? The spores of bryophytes are highly specialised cells produced in the capsule of the sporophyte. These spores are morphologically alike in size and thus are homosporous. Each of the spores then germinates under suitable condition to give rise to the main gametophyte. Monoecious and dioecious conditions refer to the gametophytic phase. With the initiation of this phase two kinds of sex organs appears ie., antherdia and archegonia. If these sex organ ..read more

What are Thallophyta? The term “Thallophyta” is derived from the Greek word i.e., thallus means young shoot; phyta refers to plant. The plant under this division are primitive exhibiting thalloid plant body i.e., not differentiated into stem, leaves and roots. The term thallophyta was first introduced by Stephan Endlicher in 1836. Thallophytais the compilation of a wide variety of plants ranging from unicellular to multicellular with simple mode of reproduction. This group mainly includes members of Algae and Fungi. Algaeare autotrophic in nature comprising a range of pigments including ch ..read more

As we all know that plants are an important entity of life mainly as a source of food and nutrition. But had we ever thought that how these plants obtain their nutrition or simply say food? Based upon the mode of nutrition plants are categorised into two groups i.e., Autophytes and Heterophytes. Autophytes: Autophytes or autotrophic plants are those that are capable of synthesizing their own food by using light energy, carbon dioxide and water by a process called photosynthesis. For this reason autotrophic plants are also considered as the primary producers. However few bacteria can also pr ..read more

As we all know that cell is the basic unit of organisation in all living organisms of the universe. These organisms on the basis of their cell characters are broadly classified as: A.Prokaryotes B. Eukaryotes A:  Prokaryotes: The term Prokaryotes is the combination of two words i.e., “pro” means primitive and “karyon” means nucleus. The group is characterised by the lack of nucleus and any membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes include Bacteria, Cyanobacteria and Archaea. B. Eukaryotes: In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotes (“eu” means true) exhibit a complex structural organisation c ..read more

FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS The diversity of organisms we see in day today life is the outcome of billion years of evolutionary process. For proper and systematic study, these living organisms should be grouped on the basis of certain criteria. Robert. H. Whittaker (1969) proposed the Five Kingdom Classificationof the living organisms. He classified the living organisms on the basis of cell structure, cell wall, mode of nutrition and mode of reproduction into five kingdoms ..read more

Branches of Botany The subject botany is a wide area that includes all information related to plants ranging from smallest microorganism to the largest living organism, the giant Sequoia trees. This subject considers the in-depth knowledge that includes morphological, physiological, cytological etc details of plants. Henceforth on the basis of the above aspect Botany has been subdivided into the following branches: 1.       Plant Morphology 2.       Plant anatomy 3.       Histology 4.   &n ..read more

Why to study plants? In my previous blog, you have known the definition of Botany. Now a question can come in your mind – why to know about plants? As we all know plants are an important source of food, fodder and fibres. These are also beneficial in maintaining an ecological balance. These major roles of plants which we come across in our day to day life may compel us to know many more interesting facts about them. To be more elaborate, suppose you are walking in a garden where you come across colourful flowers or green grass, a query may arise that what is the reason behind their colour ..read more

What is Botany? BOTANY is the branch of biological science that deals with the scientific study of plants. The term “Botany” is derived from Greek word “botane” which means “herb ..read more