Quantity of Bricks:- Assuming:- •Brick size = 9”x4.5”x3”  •Thickness of wall = 9” •Thickness of mortar = 0.39” •Brick size with mortar= (9+0.39)x(4.5+0.39)x(3+0.39) = 9.39”x4.89”x3.39” •              No. of bricks = Volume of Brickwork/ Volume of 1 Brick with mortar Volume of 1 Brick = (9/12)x(4.5/12)x(3/12)= 0.75’x0.375’x0.25’ = 0.070 CFT Volume of 1 Brick with mortar = 0.783’x0.408’x0.283’=0.090 CFT. Volume of Brickwork = 10’ x 6’ x 0.75’ = 45 Cubic Foot (CFT)  No. of bricks = Volume of Brickwork/ Volume of 1 Brick with Mortar ∴ No. of bricks = 45 CFT/ 0.090 CFT ..read more

Assuming:- Brick size = 9”x4.5”x3” Thickness of mortar = 0.39” Brick size with mortar= (9+0.39)x(4.5+0.39)x(3+0.39)                                             =9.39”x4.89”x3.39” Thickness of wall = 4.5”   No. of bricks = Volume of brickwork/ Volume of 1 brick with mortar Volume of 1 Brick = (9/12)x(4.5/12)x(3/12)=0.75’x0.375’x0.25’ = 0.070 CFT Volume of 1 Brick with mortar = 0.783’x0.408’x0.283’=0.090 CFT. Volume of Brickwork = 10’ x 6’ x 0.375’ = 22.5 Cubic Foot (CFT)  No. of bricks = Volume of brickwork/ Volume of 1 brick with mortar ∴ No. of bricks = 22.5 C ..read more

The natural river sand was the cheapest resources of sand. However the excessive mining of rive bed to meet the increasing demand for sand in construction industry has lead to the ecological imbalance in the state. Now the sand available in the riverbed is very coarse and contains very high percentage of silt and clay. The silt and the clay presence in the sand reduce the strength of the concrete and holds dampness. The natural river sand is the product of sedimentation. mica, coal, fossils and other organic impurities are present in the river sand above certain percentage which make the sand ..read more

M-sand is “crushed aggregates produced from hard granite stone which is cubically shaped with grounded edges, washed and graded with consistency to be used as a substitute of river sand”. Advantages of M sand Greater Durability M-Sand has balanced physical and chemical properties that can withstand any aggressive environmental and climatic conditions as it has enhanced durability, greater strength and overall economy.  Usage of M-Sand can overcome the defects occurring in concrete such as honey combing, segregation, voids, capillary etc. High Strength The superior shape, proper gradation of ..read more

What is bulking of sand? Bulking of sand means increase in it’s volume due to presence of surface moisture . The volume increases with increase in moisture content . The volume may increase up to 20 to 40% when moisture content is 5 to 10 %. As fine grained sands have higher voids than medium and coarse grained sands, the percentage of moisture absorbed and the percentage volume increase is the highest. When water is added to sand, a thin film of water is formed around the sand particles. The film exerts surface tension on particles, making them move apart. This leads to increase in volume be ..read more

AIM To find-out the silt content in sand (fine aggregates) Apparatus Measuring cylinder Measuring cylinder – 250ml Sand  – Specimen Water Salt Solution Procedure The measuring cylinder should be free from moisture and dry. Fill the water up to 50 ml with 1% salt solution. Then add sand to it until the level reaches 100 ml.  Again add salt solution up to the level of 150 ml. Close the mouth of the cylinder and shake well then keep the cylinder on a flat surface. The silt content shall be settled over the sand layer after 2 hours. Now note down the silt layer alone volume as V1 ml (settled o ..read more

We do not use use sea sand in construction due to following reasons Sea sand  tends to very fine and rounded, Smooth rounded particles would offer less resistance to rearrangement than angular or elongated particles with rough surfaces. In sea water, chloride is present which will cause corrosion of steel and iron which ultimately leads to reducing carrying capacity of steel and iron, so that the structure built using this may not be sustainable. Corrosion of reinforcement  Sea sand contains large amount of salt particles and also dirt particles like macro microscopic.it is very expensive t ..read more

Answer is both Yes and No. let’s see  we should not use desert sand in construction? Desert sand grains are finer and smoother so their surface chemistry would not be able to offer sufficient number of multi-directional chemical linkages. If their grain size is too small, the slurry slip and the concrete would have poor strength. Desert sands possess an open structure, and there is little interlock between sand grains. If this sand is kept dry, these bonding bridges provide considerable bearing strength. But if the sand becomes wet, the bridges soften and when overloaded, the bridges break and ..read more

Tie bars Tie bars are deformed rebars or connectors used for holding faces of rigid slabs in contact to maintain aggregate interlock. Tie bars are not load transferring device. For instance, tie bars are used in longitudinal joints at mid depth of concrete pavement. Generally it is made of epoxy coated steel.  Advantages of using Tie bars in pavement:- It prevents the lanes from separation  To avoid the differential settlement between two lanes  It also reduces the transverse cracking ..read more

Dowel bars Dowel bars are placed at the transverse joints of concrete pavement and they take part in partial wheel load transfer from one slab to its adjacent slab. The dowel bars also allow axial thermal expansion and contraction of the concrete slab along the axis of the dowel. Tie bars Tie bars are deformed rebars or connectors used for holding faces of rigid slabs in contact to maintain aggregate interlock. Tie bars are not load transferring device. For instance, tie bars are used in longitudinal joints in concrete pavement. Difference between dowel bars and tie bars   Advantages  Dowel ..read more