Church History3/18/25Schaff, Philip. (2014). "Chapter VII. Public Worship and Religious Customs and Ceremonies." In  History of the Christian Church. (The Complete Eight Volumes in One). Volume 3, Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity A.D. 311-600, from Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great. (pp. 2124-2268). (Original work published 1889).  Amazon Kindle Edition. (Personal Library). (sections 74-101)."§99. The Oriental Liturgies." (pp. 2259-2263).    The liturgie ..read more

New Testament Studies3/13/25Gibbs, Jeffrey A. (2018). "Matthew 26" (part 2) In Matthew 21:1-28:20. (pages 1310-1364). St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. (Personal Library)"Matthew 26:36-46 The Perfect Son Prays and the Father's Will Is Done." (pp. 1426-1442).    Gibbs notes that Matthew 26:36-46 uses a number of historical present verbs. The only other passage which uses many is Matthew 4:1-11 (Gibbs 2018, p. 1426). While Gibbs makes no strong conclusion as to a particular ..read more

New Testament Studies3/6/25Gibbs, Jeffrey A. (2018). "Matthew 26" (part 1) In Matthew 21:1-28:20. (pages 1310-1364). St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. (Personal Library)"Matthew 26:1-5 Two Plans, One Divine Will: Introduction to the Passion Narrative." (pp. 1365-1372).    Matthew 26:1 marks the transition from Matthew's fourth discourse (24:1-26:1) into his fifth discourse, the Passion Narrative, in 26:1-27:66 (Gibbs 2018, p. 1365). Gibbs particularly observes the slight ..read more

Church History3/4/25Schaff, Philip. (2014). "Chapter VII. Public Worship and Religious Customs and Ceremonies." In  History of the Christian Church. (The Complete Eight Volumes in One). Volume 3, Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity A.D. 311-600, from Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great. (pp. 2124-2268). (Original work published 1889).  Amazon Kindle Edition. (Personal Library). (sections 74-101)."§97. The Celebration of the Eucharist." (pp. 2246-2151).    Sch ..read more

Tuesday Lectio2/25/25Wegman, Herman A.J. (1985). (Original Dutch, 1976). "Appendix." In Christian Worship in East and West: A Study Guide to Liturgical History. (pp. 346-359).  (Translated by Gordon W. Lathrop). New York: Pueblo Publishing Company. (Personal Library)    In his appendix, Wegman briefly describes what he considers to be a period of stagnation in liturgy, consisting of the period from the 17th century through the first half of the 20th century (Wegman 1985, p. 3 ..read more

Tuesday Lectio2/18/25Wegman, Herman A.J. (1985). (Original Dutch, 1976). "Chapter Six: Gain and Loss: Worship in the Writings of the Reformers and the Counter-Reformation." In Christian Worship in East and West: A Study Guide to Liturgical History. (pp. 247-345).  (Translated by Gordon W. Lathrop). New York: Pueblo Publishing Company. (Personal Library)    Wegman sees the time of the Reformation as a confluence of revolt against historic precedent and of cultural reliance on ..read more

New Testament Studies2/13/25Gibbs, Jeffrey A. (2018). "Matthew 25" In Matthew 21:1-28:20. (pages 1310-1364). St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. (Personal Library)    Matthew 25:1-13, the parable of the ten virgins, contains more manuscript variants than normal. Gibbs reviews the variants, observing that only in verse nine is there one which has an impact on the interpretation (Gibbs 2018, p. 1311). In that verse, Gibbs finds four possible variant readings. Of the readings ..read more

Church History3/11/25Schaff, Philip. (2014). "Chapter VII. Public Worship and Religious Customs and Ceremonies." In  History of the Christian Church. (The Complete Eight Volumes in One). Volume 3, Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity A.D. 311-600, from Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great. (pp. 2124-2268). (Original work published 1889).  Amazon Kindle Edition. (Personal Library). (sections 74-101)."§98. The Liturgies. Their Origin and Contents." (pp. 2251-2259).   ..read more

Tuesday Lectio2/11/25Wegman, Herman A.J. (1985). (Original Dutch, 1976). "Chapter Five: The Byzantine Synthesis: The Byzantine Liturgy after 610 A.D." In Christian Worship in East and West: A Study Guide to Liturgical History. (pp. 239-296).  (Translated by Gordon W. Lathrop). New York: Pueblo Publishing Company. (Personal Library)    The Byzantine liturgy by the seventh century stood at the forefront of orthodoxy and liturgical practice throughout the churches of the east (W ..read more

Tuesday Lectio2/4/25Wegman, Herman A.J. (1985). (Original Dutch, 1976). 'Chapter Four: Toward a Uniform Roman Liturgy: From Gregory VII to the Council of Trent (1545-1563)." In Christian Worship in East and West: A Study Guide to Liturgical History. (pp. 204-238).  (Translated by Gordon W. Lathrop). New York: Pueblo Publishing Company. (Personal Library)    Wegman observes that there were significant social and cultural changes in Europe starting roughly in the twelfth centur ..read more