Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Proto-Transeurasian/Altaic languages Proto-Tungusic-Mongolo Proto-Koreanic-Japano Proto-Tungusic Proto-Turkic Proto-Mongolic Proto-Koreanic Proto-Japonic “Xinglongwa (6200–5400 BCE), Zhaobaogou (5400–4500 BCE) Hongshan (4700-2900 BCE)  cultures in the West Liao River region.” ref, ref, ref, ref “Integrating linguistic and archaeological evidence, we support the hypothesis that the expansion of the Transeurasian language system in the Amur River basin is related to the agricultural development ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref Gender inequality in Papua New Guinea “Examples of Gender inequality Papua New Guinea includes poverty, violence, limited access to education and health care, and witch hunts. Cases of violence against women in Papua New Guinea are under reported. There is also a lack of services for women who experience violence. There are reports of sexual abuse by police officers, on arrest and whilst in police custody. These incidents lack documentation or investigation, consequently, perpetrators are rarely prosecuted or punished. The g ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref Indonesia “Fossilized remains of Homo erectus, popularly known as the “Java Man,” suggest the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. Homo sapiens reached the region around 43,000 BCE. Austronesian peoples, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to Southeast Asia from what is now Taiwan. They arrived in the archipelago around 2,000 BCE and confined the native Melanesians to the far eastern regions as they spread east. Ideal agricultural conditions and the mastering of wet ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Tlingit language Haida language Tsimshian language Heiltsuk language (Heiltsuk, also known as Bella Bella, not be confused with Salish-speaking Nuxalk peoples, called Bella Coola) Kwakwaka’wakw language Nuu-chah-nulth language Salishan languages Chinook languages Penutian languages Athabaskan languages (part of the Na-Dené:  ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref “The Choctaws in ancient days found their home when the prophet sank the sacred red pole into a prehistoric mound (one they did not create) they had found alongside Nanih Wayah Creek, and it remained upright. This mound (Nanih Waiya Mound) is some twenty=five feet tall and rectangular in shape. Archaeology data says that it dates from the Middle Woodland period of 1-300 CE. For the Choctaws, it was simply primeval, an impossibly old and sacred piece of earth. In other versions of Choctaw mythology, the mound became ..read more

Damie Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref “Many Amerindian minority languages are spoken throughout Brazil, mostly in Northern Brazil. Indigenous languages with about 10,000 speakers or more are Ticuna (language isolate), Kaingang (Gean family), Kaiwá Guarani, Nheengatu (Tupian), Guajajára (Tupian), Macushi (Cariban), Terena (Arawakan), Xavante (Gean) and Mawé (Tupian). Tucano (Tucanoan) has half that number, but is widely used as a second language in the Amazon ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Expansion of “Sambaqui” (Shell Mound) culture in Brazil, starting from 6000 BCE or 8,000 years ago – Video Damien Marie AtHope’s Art People don’t commonly teach religious history, even that of their own claimed religion. No, rather they teach a limited “pro their religion” history of their religion from a religious perspective favorable to the religion of choice.  Damien Marie AtHope’s Art Do you truly think “Religious Belief” is only a matter of some personal choice? Do you not see how c ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref List of Periods and Events in Climate History * “12,800–11,500 years ago Younger Dryas sudden cold and dry period in Northern Hemisphere” ref “The Younger Dryas (YD) was a period in Earth’s geologic history that occurred circa 12,900 to 11,700 years ago. The two earlier geologic periods where this flower was abundant in Europe are the Oldest Dryas (approx. 18,500-14,000 years ago) and Older Dryas (~14,050–13,900 years ago), respectively. Younger Dryas ended when the entire gl ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Indigenous Religion and Monuments of the Land: Ancient Earthworks/Rockworks; Rings and Mounds in Canada: *Rings, such as medicine wheels *Mounds, such as burial mounds, temple mounds, platform (like elite housing or ritual ceremonies) mounds, and effigy mounds ref Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel  “On top of a wind-swept hill in southeastern Saskatchewan, there’s a cairn of boulders connected to a large circle of rocks surrounding it by five lines of stones resembling spokes in a wheel. The Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel has ..read more

I visited the Crystal River mounds complex today, occupied from the Deptford period through Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture and up to the Late Fort Walton period, one of the longest continually occupied sites in Florida, believed to have been occupied for 1,600 years. Crystal River Archaeological State Park “Crystal River State Archaeological Site is a 61-acre (250,000 m2) Florida State Park located on the Crystal River and within the Crystal River Preserve State Park. The park is located two miles (3 km) northwest of the city of Crystal River ..read more