Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 727: The Dynamic Relationship between Dengue Virus and the Human Cutaneous Innate Immune Response Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050727 Authors: Michelle M. Martí Priscila M. S. Castanha Simon M. Barratt-Boyes Dengue virus (DENV) is a continuing global threat that puts half of the world’s population at risk for infection. This mosquito-transmitted virus is endemic in over 100 countries. When a mosquito takes a bloodmeal, virus is deposited into the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin, infecting a variety of permissive cells, including keratinocytes, Langerh ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 728: The Disassociation of A3G-Related HIV-1 cDNA G-to-A Hypermutation to Viral Infectivity Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050728 Authors: Joanie Martin Xin Chen Xiangxu Jia Qiujia Shao Bindong Liu APOBEC3G (A3G) restricts HIV-1 replication primarily by reducing viral cDNA and inducing G-to-A hypermutations in viral cDNA. HIV-1 encodes virion infectivity factor (Vif) to counteract A3G primarily by excluding A3G viral encapsidation. Even though the Vif-induced exclusion is robust, studies suggest that A3G is still detectable in the virion. The impact of encapsidated A3G in the ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 729: Droplet Digital RT-PCR (dd RT-PCR) Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Honey Bees and Honey Collected in Apiaries across the Campania Region Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050729 Authors: Andrea Mancusi Yolande Thérèse Rose Proroga Paola Maiolino Raffaele Marrone Claudia D’Emilio Santa Girardi Marica Egidio Arianna Boni Teresa Vicenza Elisabetta Suffredini Karen Power Coronaviruses (CoVs), a subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae, are viruses that sometimes present a zoonotic character. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent outbreak of ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 725: CRISPR Screen Reveals PACT as a Pro-Viral Factor for Dengue Viral Replication Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050725 Authors: Shwetha Shivaprasad Wenjie Qiao Kuo-Feng Weng Pavithra Umashankar Jan E. Carette Peter Sarnow The dengue virus is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that infects ~400 million people worldwide. Currently, there are no approved antivirals available. CRISPR-based screening methods have greatly accelerated the discovery of host factors that are essential for DENV infection and that can be targeted in host-directed antiviral interventions. In th ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 724: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Mini Review Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050724 Authors: Diana Asema Asandem Selorm Philip Segbefia Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the leading causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. Although there is a potent vaccine against HBV, many new infections are recorded annually, especially in poorly resourced places which have lax vaccination policies. Again, as HBV has no cure and chronic infection is lifelong, vaccines cannot help those already infected. Studies to thoroughly un ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 726: Exploring Viral Genome Profile in Mpox Patients during the 2022 Outbreak, in a North-Eastern Centre of Italy Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050726 Authors: Michela Deiana Denise Lavezzari Antonio Mori Silvia Accordini Elena Pomari Chiara Piubelli Simone Malagò Maddalena Cordioli Niccolò Ronzoni Andrea Angheben Evelina Tacconelli Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Federico Giovanni Gobbi Concetta Castilletti In 2022, an unprecedented outbreak of mpox raged in several nations. Sequences from the 2022 outbreak reveal a higher nucleotide substitution if compared with the estimated rat ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 722: Gut Microbiome and Cytokine Profiles in Post-COVID Syndrome Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050722 Authors: Karakoz Mussabay Samat Kozhakhmetov Marat Dusmagambetov Aitolkyn Mynzhanova Madiyar Nurgaziyev Zharkyn Jarmukhanov Elizaveta Vinogradova Aigul Dusmagambetova Aiganym Daulbaeva Laura Chulenbayeva Ainur Tauekelova Makhabbat Bekbossynova Almagul Kushugulova Recent studies highlight the crucial role of the gut microbiome in post-infectious complications, especially in patients recovering from severe COVID-19. Our research aimed to explore the connection between gut micro ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 723: Long-Read Nanopore-Based Sequencing of Anelloviruses Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050723 Authors: Raghavendran Anantharam Dylan Duchen Andrea L. Cox Winston Timp David L. Thomas Steven J. Clipman Abraham J. Kandathil Routinely used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) techniques often fail to detect low-level viremia (<104 copies/mL) and appear biased towards viruses with linear genomes. These limitations hinder the capacity to comprehensively characterize viral infections, such as those attributed to the Anelloviridae family. These near ubiquitous n ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 720: Low-Level Viremia among Adults Living with HIV on Dolutegravir-Based First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Is a Predictor of Virological Failure in Botswana Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050720 Authors: Ontlametse T. Bareng Sikhulile Moyo Mbatshi Mudanga Kagiso Sebina Catherine K. Koofhethile Wonderful T. Choga Natasha O. Moraka Dorcas Maruapula Irene Gobe Modisa S. Motswaledi Rosemary Musonda Bornapate Nkomo Dinah Ramaabya Tony Chebani Penny Makuruetsa Joseph Makhema Roger Shapiro Shahin Lockman Simani Gaseitsiwe We evaluated subsequent virologic outcomes in individuals exp ..read more

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 721: Epigenetic Modifications of White Blood Cell DNA Caused by Transient Fetal Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16050721 Authors: Hana Van Campen Jeanette V. Bishop Zella Brink Terry E. Engle Carolina L. Gonzalez-Berrios Hanah M. Georges Jessica N. Kincade Dilyara A. Murtazina Thomas R. Hansen Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause USD 1.5–2 billion in losses annually. Maternal BVDV after 150 days of gestation causes transient fetal infection (TI) in which the fetal immune response clears the virus. The impact ..read more